----- Original Message -----
> Hello Everyone,
>
> I am analysing a kernel crash dump (vmcore) captured from RHEL-5
> kernel version (2.6.18-371.4.1.el5) and found that the value of
> "NR_WRITEBACK" counter is negative (-126).
>
> $ rpm -q crash
> crash-7.0.6-2.el6.x86_64
>
> crash> sys | grep -e RELEASE -e MACHINE -e MEMORY
> RELEASE: 2.6.18-371.4.1.el5
> MACHINE: x86_64 (3000 Mhz)
> MEMORY: 31.5 GB
>
> crash> kmem -z | grep -e ZONE -e NR_WRITEBACK
> NODE: 0 ZONE: 0 ADDR: ffff810000032000 NAME: "DMA"
> NR_WRITEBACK: 0
> NODE: 0 ZONE: 1 ADDR: ffff810000032b00 NAME: "DMA32"
> NR_WRITEBACK: 0
> NODE: 0 ZONE: 2 ADDR: ffff810000033600 NAME: "Normal"
> NR_WRITEBACK: -126 <<<<
> NODE: 0 ZONE: 3 ADDR: ffff810000034100 NAME: "HighMem"
>
> crash> kmem -V | grep -e NR_WRITEBACK
> NR_WRITEBACK: -126 <<<<
>
> crash> vm_stat
> vm_stat = $1 =
> {{
> counter = 1106459
> }, {
> counter = 2940354
> }, {
> counter = 6341366
> }, {
> counter = 301750
> }, {
> counter = 245858
> }, {
> counter = 438
> }, {
> counter = -126 // NR_WRITEBACK <<<<
> }, {
> counter = 0
> }, {
> counter = 0
> }, {
> counter = 19687071384
> }, {
> counter = 0
> }, {
> counter = 0
> }, {
> counter = 29247123
> }, {
> counter = 19687071384
> }, {
> counter = 0
> }}
>
> As we're running a 64 bit kernel and the counters are signed long,
> so this is very unlikely to be a counter overflow. I need pointers
> and suggestions to determine the *cause* of negative counter from
> vmcore.

Since the vmcore is just a snapshot in time, I would think that it would
be difficult/unlikely that you can determine *the cause* just from the
system's state at the time of the dump.

FWIW, I ran a quick test of ~200 sample vmcores, and find that negative
values in the vm_stat[] array and per-zone statistics are not all that
unusual, even on recent kernels.  (about 5% of the vmcores had one or
more negative items).

And if the counter value is required for some kind of VM-related decision
or whatever, it would use one of the following functions, which return 0 in
the case of negative values:

  static inline unsigned long global_page_state(enum zone_stat_item item)
  {
          long x = atomic_long_read(&vm_stat[item]);
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
          if (x < 0)
                  x = 0;
  #endif
          return x;
  }

  static inline unsigned long zone_page_state(struct zone *zone,
                                          enum zone_stat_item item)
  {
          long x = atomic_long_read(&zone->vm_stat[item]);
  #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
          if (x < 0)
                  x = 0;
  #endif
          return x;
  }

Dave

>
> Additional Information:
>
> $ git show ce866b34ae1b7f1ce60234cf65855886ac7e7d30
> [..]
> diff --git a/drivers/base/node.c b/drivers/base/node.c
> index 6fed520..a7b3dcb 100644
> --- a/drivers/base/node.c
> +++ b/drivers/base/node.c
> @@ -49,9 +49,6 @@ static ssize_t node_read_meminfo(struct sys_device * dev,
> char * buf)
> get_page_state_node(&ps, nid);
> __get_zone_counts(&active, &inactive, &free, NODE_DATA(nid));
>
> - /* Check for negative values in these approximate counters */
> - if ((long)ps.nr_writeback < 0)
> - ps.nr_writeback = 0;
>
> n = sprintf(buf, "\n"
> "Node %d MemTotal: %8lu kB\n"
> [..]
>
> Thank you !
>
> --
> BKS
>

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