[PATCH v5 0/5] xarray: add large folio support
by Huang Shijie
The linux kernel supports the large folio for page cache by default.
But the current CRASH does not support the large folio.
So we may meet the errors when we detected the large folio sometimes,
such as in the email:
https://www.spinics.net/linux/fedora/redhat-crash-utility/msg11238.html
------------------------------
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 60
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 60
------------------------------
The patch 1 converts the ipcs.c to unix format. Please use following
commands for patch 1:
#git am 1.patch
#git apply --reject 1.patch
#git add -u
#git am --continue
The patches(2,3,4) are used to add large folio support for CRASH.
The patch 5 is newly version of an old patch:
it add "files -n" command.
v4-->v5:
Add a new patch to convert ipcs.c to unix format.
Rebased the patch set again.
v3-->v4:
Fixes the BPF bug by:
1.) patch 1: Add a new type for do_xarray_info
2.) patch 3: Check XARRAY_TYPE_PAGE_CACHE for
do_xarray_count()/do_xarray_dump()/do_xarray_dump_cb()
v2-->v3:
Rewrited the folio_order() in patch 2 to work with different
kernel versions.
v1-->v2:
1.) Rebase the kernel to later 7.0-rc1(merge window)
2.) Fixed a bug in the patch 3, the latest kernel supports folios
whose page order is bigger then 5:
"xarray: add large folio support"
Huang Shijie (5):
change to unix format for ipcs.c
xarray: add a new parameter for do_xarray
add folio_order function
xarray: add large folio support
add "files -n" command for an inode
bpf.c | 8 +-
defs.h | 14 +-
dev.c | 4 +-
diskdump.c | 10 +-
filesys.c | 94 ++-
help.c | 24 +-
ipcs.c | 2325 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------------------
kernel.c | 4 +-
memory.c | 74 +-
symbols.c | 6 +
task.c | 4 +-
tools.c | 16 +-
12 files changed, 1390 insertions(+), 1193 deletions(-)
--
2.43.0
3 weeks
[PATCH v4 0/4] xarray: add large folio support
by Huang Shijie
The linux kernel supports the large folio for page cache by default.
But the current CRASH does not support the large folio.
So we may meet the errors when we detected the large folio sometimes,
such as in the email:
https://www.spinics.net/linux/fedora/redhat-crash-utility/msg11238.html
------------------------------
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 60
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 60
------------------------------
The first 3 patches are used to add large folio support for CRASH.
The last patch is newly version of an old patch:
it add "files -n" command.
v3->>v4:
Fixes the BPF bug by:
1.) patch 1: Add a new type for do_xarray_info
2.) patch 3: Check XARRAY_TYPE_PAGE_CACHE for
do_xarray_count()/do_xarray_dump()/do_xarray_dump_cb()
v2-->v3:
Rewrited the folio_order() in patch 2 to work with different
kernel versions.
v1-->v2:
1.) Rebase the kernel to later 7.0-rc1(merge window)
2.) Fixed a bug in the patch 3, the latest kernel supports folios
whose page order is bigger then 5:
"xarray: add large folio support"
Huang Shijie (4):
xarray: add a new parameter for do_xarray
add folio_order function
xarray: add large folio support
add "files -n" command for an inode
bpf.c | 8 ++---
defs.h | 14 +++++++-
dev.c | 4 +--
diskdump.c | 10 ++++--
filesys.c | 94 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
help.c | 24 +++++++++++++-
ipcs.c | 4 +--
kernel.c | 4 +--
memory.c | 74 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
symbols.c | 6 ++++
task.c | 4 +--
tools.c | 16 ++++++++--
12 files changed, 230 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
--
2.43.0
3 weeks
Sewn in beauty parlor
by ameliaemery545＠gmail.com
Step into the world of Sewn in Beauty Parlor, where every stitch tells a story. From delicate hair weaves to intricate embroidery, this isn’t just a salon—it’s an art space. Clients leave with more than beauty; they leave transformed, carrying confidence stitched into their very being. Imagine a place where creativity meets care, and style is tailored like a masterpiece. Have you ever experienced beauty so personal it feels custom-made?
https://ladybsalon.com/sew-in-weaves-hair-extensions-salon/
3 weeks, 2 days
Sewn in beauty parlor
by ameliaemery545＠gmail.com
Step into the world of [url=https://ladybsalon.com/sew-in-weaves-hair-extensions-salon/]Sewn in Beauty Parlor[/url], where every stitch tells a story. From delicate hair weaves to intricate embroidery, this isn’t just a salon—it’s an art space. Clients leave with more than beauty; they leave transformed, carrying confidence stitched into their very being. Imagine a place where creativity meets care, and style is tailored like a masterpiece. Have you ever experienced beauty so personal it feels custom-made.
3 weeks, 2 days
[PATCH 1/1] Fix cross-compilation of eppic.so and snapper.so
by Petr Tesařík
When cross-compiling, the extension modules must be built for the
target architecture, not the host architecture.
Do not hard-code "gcc" (which is usually the host compiler), but
use $(CC) to pick the right compiler.
Signed-off-by: Petr Tesarik <ptesarik(a)suse.com>
---
extensions/eppic.mk | 2 +-
extensions/snap.mk | 2 +-
2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
diff --git a/extensions/eppic.mk b/extensions/eppic.mk
index 9435793..b51a84b 100644
--- a/extensions/eppic.mk
+++ b/extensions/eppic.mk
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ lib-eppic:
cd eppic/libeppic && make
eppic.so: ../defs.h $(APPFILE) lib-eppic
- gcc -g -O0 -Ieppic/libeppic -I.. -nostartfiles -shared -rdynamic -o eppic.so $(APPFILE) -fPIC $(TARGET_FLAGS) $(GDB_FLAGS) -Leppic/libeppic -leppic
+ $(CC) -g -O0 -Ieppic/libeppic -I.. -nostartfiles -shared -rdynamic -o eppic.so $(APPFILE) -fPIC $(TARGET_FLAGS) $(GDB_FLAGS) -Leppic/libeppic -leppic
clean:
if [ -d eppic/libeppic ]; \
diff --git a/extensions/snap.mk b/extensions/snap.mk
index 2fb4ed6..ac3f723 100644
--- a/extensions/snap.mk
+++ b/extensions/snap.mk
@@ -47,4 +47,4 @@ endif
all: snap.so
snap.so: $(INCDIR)/defs.h snap.c
- gcc -Wall -g -I$(INCDIR) -shared -rdynamic -o snap.so snap.c -fPIC -D$(TARGET) $(TARGET_CFLAGS) $(GDB_FLAGS)
+ $(CC) -Wall -g -I$(INCDIR) -shared -rdynamic -o snap.so snap.c -fPIC -D$(TARGET) $(TARGET_CFLAGS) $(GDB_FLAGS)
--
2.53.0
3 weeks, 5 days
[PATCH] arm64: fix gdb register feeding for exception frames and stack switching
by Li Pengfei
From: lipengfei28 <lipengfei28(a)xiaomi.com>
On ARM64, crash’s gdb bt relies on feeding a register snapshot (PC/SP/FP,
etc.) into gdb and letting gdb unwind from there. Before this change, the
register snapshot handling across exception frames / stack switching could be
broken in several ways, leading to truncated backtraces, garbage substacks, or
invalid addresses (e.g. -3 / 0xff...fd) showing up in gdb output.
Fixes included in this patch:
Fix out-of-bounds read when populating gdb registers from an exception frame
In arm64_print_exception_frame(), the previous code copied
sizeof(struct arm64_pt_regs) bytes from a smaller stackframe-derived
buffer, which could read past valid data and poison the gdb registers.
Replace this with explicit field/register assignment and initialize the
bitmap accordingly.
Improve unwinding across IRQ/overflow stack transitions on newer kernels
When switching stacks (IRQ / overflow), gdb may stop at the trampoline (e.g.
call_on_irq_stack) because the discontinuity prevents it from recovering
the caller frame automatically. For UNW_4_14+, “peek” one frame ahead by
reading the saved FP/PC from the current frame, and register that as the
next gdb substack, so gdb can continue unwinding on the process stack.
Avoid creating invalid/empty substacks
Only add a gdb substack when the recovered PC is non-zero, preventing bogus
threads from being created.
This patch only changes ARM64 unwinding/register setup logic. It does not try
to reformat or merge gdb output.
Tested on: Android Linux 6.x, arm64
Signed-off-by: lipengfei28 <lipengfei28(a)xiaomi.com>
---
arm64.c | 148 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
1 file changed, 130 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)
diff --git a/arm64.c b/arm64.c
index c125655..59fcda9 100644
--- a/arm64.c
+++ b/arm64.c
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ arm64_get_current_task_reg(int regno, const char *name,
return FALSE;
if (sid && sid <= extra_stacks_idx) {
- ur_bitmap = extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx - 1];
+ ur_bitmap = extra_stacks_regs[sid - 1];
goto get_sub;
}
@@ -3026,6 +3026,9 @@ static char *arm64_exception_functions[] = {
"do_el0_irq_bp_hardening",
"do_sp_pc_abort",
"handle_bad_stack",
+ "el1h_64_sync",
+ "el1h_64_irq",
+ "el1h_64_error",
NULL
};
@@ -3123,6 +3126,11 @@ arm64_print_stackframe_entry(struct bt_info *bt, int level, struct arm64_stackfr
fprintf(ofp, "\n");
+ if (STREQ(name, "el1h_64_irq") || STREQ(name, "el1h_64_sync"))
+ if (arm64_is_kernel_exception_frame(bt, frame->sp)) {
+ arm64_print_exception_frame(bt, frame->sp, KERNEL_MODE, ofp);
+ }
+
if (bt->flags & BT_LINE_NUMBERS) {
get_line_number(branch_pc, buf, FALSE);
if (strlen(buf))
@@ -3775,11 +3783,13 @@ arm64_back_trace_cmd(struct bt_info *bt)
REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, pc));
SET_BIT(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->bitmap,
REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, sp));
- if (!bt->machdep ||
+ if (extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.pc &&
+ (bt->task != tt->panic_task) &&
+ (!bt->machdep ||
(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.sp !=
((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.sp &&
extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.pc !=
- ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc)) {
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc))) {
gdb_add_substack (extra_stacks_idx++);
}
}
@@ -3925,11 +3935,13 @@ arm64_back_trace_cmd_v2(struct bt_info *bt)
REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, pc));
SET_BIT(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->bitmap,
REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, sp));
- if (!bt->machdep ||
+ if (extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.pc &&
+ (bt->task != tt->panic_task) &&
+ (!bt->machdep ||
(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.sp !=
((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.sp &&
extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.pc !=
- ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc)) {
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc))) {
gdb_add_substack (extra_stacks_idx++);
}
}
@@ -4232,6 +4244,46 @@ arm64_in_kdump_text_on_irq_stack(struct bt_info *bt)
return FALSE;
}
+static void
+arm64_gdb_add_next_frame_substack(struct bt_info *bt, const struct arm64_stackframe *frame)
+{
+ struct machine_specific *ms = machdep->machspec;
+ struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *ur_ptr;
+ ulong next_fp, next_pc, next_sp;
+
+ if (!extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]) {
+ extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx] = (struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)
+ malloc(sizeof(struct user_regs_bitmap_struct));
+ }
+
+ memset(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx], 0, sizeof(struct user_regs_bitmap_struct));
+ ur_ptr = extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx];
+
+ next_fp = GET_STACK_ULONG(frame->fp);
+ next_pc = GET_STACK_ULONG(frame->fp + 8);
+ next_sp = frame->fp + 16;
+
+ if (is_kernel_text(next_pc | ms->CONFIG_ARM64_KERNELPACMASK))
+ next_pc |= ms->CONFIG_ARM64_KERNELPACMASK;
+
+ ur_ptr->ur.pc = next_pc;
+ ur_ptr->ur.sp = next_sp;
+ ur_ptr->ur.regs[29] = next_fp;
+
+ SET_BIT(ur_ptr->bitmap, REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, pc));
+ SET_BIT(ur_ptr->bitmap, REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, sp));
+ SET_BIT(ur_ptr->bitmap, REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, regs[0]) + 29);
+
+ if (ur_ptr->ur.pc &&
+ (!bt->machdep ||
+ (ur_ptr->ur.sp !=
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.sp &&
+ ur_ptr->ur.pc !=
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc))) {
+ gdb_add_substack(extra_stacks_idx++);
+ }
+}
+
static int
arm64_switch_stack(struct bt_info *bt, struct arm64_stackframe *frame, FILE *ofp)
{
@@ -4263,12 +4315,55 @@ arm64_switch_stack(struct bt_info *bt, struct arm64_stackframe *frame, FILE *ofp
if (frame->fp == 0)
return USER_MODE;
- if (!(machdep->flags & UNW_4_14))
+ if (!(machdep->flags & UNW_4_14)) {
arm64_print_exception_frame(bt, frame->sp, KERNEL_MODE, ofp);
+ } else {
+ arm64_gdb_add_next_frame_substack(bt, frame);
+ }
return KERNEL_MODE;
}
+static void
+arm64_gdb_add_next_frame_substack(struct bt_info *bt, const struct arm64_stackframe *frame)
+{
+ struct machine_specific *ms = machdep->machspec;
+ struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *ur_ptr;
+ ulong next_fp, next_pc, next_sp;
+
+ if (!extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]) {
+ extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx] = (struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)
+ malloc(sizeof(struct user_regs_bitmap_struct));
+ }
+
+ memset(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx], 0, sizeof(struct user_regs_bitmap_struct));
+ ur_ptr = extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx];
+
+ next_fp = GET_STACK_ULONG(frame->fp);
+ next_pc = GET_STACK_ULONG(frame->fp + 8);
+ next_sp = frame->fp + 16;
+
+ if (is_kernel_text(next_pc | ms->CONFIG_ARM64_KERNELPACMASK))
+ next_pc |= ms->CONFIG_ARM64_KERNELPACMASK;
+
+ ur_ptr->ur.pc = next_pc;
+ ur_ptr->ur.sp = next_sp;
+ ur_ptr->ur.regs[29] = next_fp;
+
+ SET_BIT(ur_ptr->bitmap, REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, pc));
+ SET_BIT(ur_ptr->bitmap, REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, sp));
+ SET_BIT(ur_ptr->bitmap, REG_SEQ(arm64_pt_regs, regs[0]) + 29);
+
+ if (ur_ptr->ur.pc &&
+ (!bt->machdep ||
+ (ur_ptr->ur.sp !=
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.sp &&
+ ur_ptr->ur.pc !=
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc))) {
+ gdb_add_substack(extra_stacks_idx++);
+ }
+}
+
static int
arm64_switch_stack_from_overflow(struct bt_info *bt, struct arm64_stackframe *frame, FILE *ofp)
{
@@ -4278,6 +4373,11 @@ arm64_switch_stack_from_overflow(struct bt_info *bt, struct arm64_stackframe *fr
char buf[BUFSIZE];
struct machine_specific *ms = machdep->machspec;
+ if (!extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]) {
+ extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx] = (struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)
+ malloc(sizeof(struct user_regs_bitmap_struct));
+ }
+
if (bt->flags & BT_FULL) {
stacktop = ms->overflow_stacks[bt->tc->processor] + ms->overflow_stack_size;
words = (stacktop - bt->bptr) / sizeof(ulong);
@@ -4300,8 +4400,11 @@ arm64_switch_stack_from_overflow(struct bt_info *bt, struct arm64_stackframe *fr
if (frame->fp == 0)
return USER_MODE;
- if (!(machdep->flags & UNW_4_14))
+ if (!(machdep->flags & UNW_4_14)) {
arm64_print_exception_frame(bt, frame->sp, KERNEL_MODE, ofp);
+ } else {
+ arm64_gdb_add_next_frame_substack(bt, frame);
+ }
return KERNEL_MODE;
}
@@ -4556,17 +4659,26 @@ arm64_print_exception_frame(struct bt_info *bt, ulong pt_regs, int mode, FILE *o
}
memset(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx], 0,
sizeof(struct user_regs_bitmap_struct));
- memcpy(&extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur, regs,
- sizeof(struct arm64_pt_regs));
- for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(struct arm64_pt_regs)/sizeof(long); i++)
- SET_BIT(extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->bitmap, i);
- if (!bt->machdep ||
- (extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.sp !=
- ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.sp &&
- extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx]->ur.pc !=
- ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc)) {
- gdb_add_substack (extra_stacks_idx++);
- }
+ struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *ur_ptr = extra_stacks_regs[extra_stacks_idx];
+ int i;
+
+ ur_ptr->ur.pc = regs->pc;
+ ur_ptr->ur.sp = regs->sp;
+ ur_ptr->ur.pstate = regs->pstate;
+ for (i = 0; i < 31; i++)
+ ur_ptr->ur.regs[i] = regs->regs[i];
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 34; i++)
+ SET_BIT(ur_ptr->bitmap, i);
+
+ if (ur_ptr->ur.pc &&
+ (!bt->machdep ||
+ (ur_ptr->ur.sp !=
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.sp &&
+ ur_ptr->ur.pc !=
+ ((struct user_regs_bitmap_struct *)(bt->machdep))->ur.pc))) {
+ gdb_add_substack(extra_stacks_idx++);
+ }
}
}
--
2.34.1
4 weeks
[PATCH v3 0/4] xarray: add large folio support
by Huang Shijie
The linux kernel supports the large folio for page cache by default.
But the current CRASH does not support the large folio.
So we may meet the errors when we detected the large folio sometimes,
such as in the email:
https://www.spinics.net/linux/fedora/redhat-crash-utility/msg11238.html
------------------------------
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 0
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 10
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 20
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 30
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 40
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 50
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 60
files: page_to_nid: invalid page: 60
------------------------------
The first 3 patches are used to add large folio support for CRASH.
The last patch is newly version of an old patch:
it add "files -n" command.
v2-->v3:
Rewrited the folio_order() in patch 2 to work with different
kernel versions.
v1-->v2:
1.) Rebase the kernel to later 7.0-rc1(merge window)
2.) Fixed a bug in the patch 3, the latest kernel supports folios
whose page order is bigger then 5:
"xarray: add large folio support"
Huang Shijie (4):
xarray: add a new parameter for do_xarray
add folio_order function
xarray: add large folio support
add "files -n" command for an inode
bpf.c | 8 +++---
defs.h | 14 +++++++++-
dev.c | 4 +--
diskdump.c | 10 +++++--
filesys.c | 77 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
help.c | 24 ++++++++++++++++-
ipcs.c | 4 +--
kernel.c | 4 +--
memory.c | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
symbols.c | 6 +++++
task.c | 4 +--
tools.c | 16 +++++++++---
12 files changed, 213 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-)
--
2.43.0
1 month
How Case Studies, Reports, and Essays Differ in Academic Expectations
by Lily Johnson
This discussion aims to highlight the differences based on structure, purpose, and evaluation in the use of case studies, reports, and essays in university-based writings. Essays are mainly focused on the development of argumentation and critical analysis of theories, while reports are focused on the use of standardized structures, headings, data presentation, and the provision of recommendations. Case studies, on the other hand, require the application of theoretical knowledge in real-life situations, analysis of the supporting theories, and the provision of solutions.
Understanding these differences is essential in ensuring alignment with the marking criteria and the demonstration of appropriate knowledge in the chosen fields. The challenge often comes in the form of treating the three writing styles with an identical approach. For instance, while undertaking case studies, the application of analysis is critical, while essays require the application of theories. In academic forums, issues such as the provision of case study guidelines in Australia are often presented by the students as they seek to clarify the appropriate application of analysis. This session is expected to assist in the identification of the application of different approaches while maintaining integrity.
( https://www.newassignmenthelpaus.expert/case-study-help )
1 month, 1 week
How Case Studies, Reports, and Essays Differ in Academic Expectations
by Lily Johnson
This discussion aims to highlight the differences based on structure, purpose, and evaluation in the use of case studies, reports, and essays in university-based writings. Essays are mainly focused on the development of argumentation and critical analysis of theories, while reports are focused on the use of standardized structures, headings, data presentation, and the provision of recommendations. Case studies, on the other hand, require the application of theoretical knowledge in real-life situations, analysis of the supporting theories, and the provision of solutions.
Understanding these differences is essential in ensuring alignment with the marking criteria and the demonstration of appropriate knowledge in the chosen fields. The challenge often comes in the form of treating the three writing styles with an identical approach. For instance, while undertaking case studies, the application of analysis is critical, while essays require the application of theories. In academic forums, issues such as the provision of [case study guidelines in Australia](https://www.newassignmenthelpaus.expert/case-study-help) are often presented by the students as they seek to clarify the appropriate application of analysis. This session is expected to help in the identification of the application of different approaches while maintaining integrity.
1 month, 1 week
How Case Studies, Reports, and Essays Differ in Academic Expectations
by Lily Johnson
This discussion aims to highlight the differences based on structure, purpose, and evaluation in the use of case studies, reports, and essays in university-based writings. Essays are mainly focused on the development of argumentation and critical analysis of theories, while reports are focused on the use of standardized structures, headings, data presentation, and the provision of recommendations. Case studies, on the other hand, require the application of theoretical knowledge in real-life situations, analysis of the supporting theories, and the provision of solutions.
Understanding these differences is essential in ensuring alignment with the marking criteria and the demonstration of appropriate knowledge in the chosen fields. The challenge often comes in the form of treating the three writing styles with an identical approach. For instance, while undertaking case studies, the application of analysis is critical, while essays require the application of theories. In academic forums, issues such as the provision of [case study guidelines in Australia](https://www.newassignmenthelpaus.expert/case-study-help) are often presented by the students as they seek to clarify the appropriate application of analysis. This session is expected to help in the identification of the application of different approaches while maintaining integrity.
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