Re: [Crash-utility] Kernel Crash Analysis on Android
by Shankar, AmarX
Hi Dave,
Thanks for your info regarding kexec tool.
I am unable to download kexec from below link.
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/horms/kexec-tools/kexec-too...
It says HTTP 404 Page Not Found.
Could you please guide me on this?
Thanks & Regards,
Amar Shankar
> On Wed, Mar 21, 2012 at 06:00:00PM +0000, Shankar, AmarX wrote:
>
> > I want to do kernel crash Analysis on Android Merrifield Target.
> >
> > Could someone please help me how to do it?
>
> Merrifield is pretty much similar than Medfield, e.g it has x86 core. So I
> guess you can follow the instructions how to setup kdump on x86 (see
> Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt) unless you already have that configured.
>
> crash should support this directly presuming you have vmlinux/vmcore files to
> feed it. You can configure crash to support x86 on x86_64 host by running:
>
> % make target=X86
> & make
>
> (or something along those lines).
Right -- just the first make command will suffice, i.e., when running
on an x86_64 host:
$ wget http://people.redhat.com/anderson/crash-6.0.4.tar.gz
$ tar xzf crash-6.0.4.tar.gz
...
$ cd crash-6.0.4
$ make target=X86
...
$ ./crash <path-to>/vmlinux <path-to>/vmcore
Dave
From: Shankar, AmarX
Sent: Wednesday, March 21, 2012 11:30 PM
To: 'crash-utility(a)redhat.com'
Subject: Kernel Crash Analysis on Android
Hi,
I want to do kernel crash Analysis on Android Merrifield Target.
Could someone please help me how to do it?
Thanks & Regards,
Amar Shankar
1 year, 1 month
[PATCH] kmem, snap: iomem/ioport display and vmcore snapshot support
by HATAYAMA Daisuke
Some days ago I was in a situation that I had to convert vmcore in
kvmdump format into ELF since some extension module we have locally
can be used only on relatively old crash utility, around version 4,
but such old crash utility cannot handle kvmdump format.
To do the conversion in handy, I used snap command with some modifications
so that it tries to use iomem information in vmcore instead of host's
/proc/iomem. This patch is its cleaned-up version.
In this development, I naturally got down to also making an interface
for an access to resource objects, and so together with the snap
command's patch, I also extended kmem command for iomem/ioport
support. Actually:
kmem -r displays /proc/iomem
crash> kmem -r
00000000-0000ffff : reserved
00010000-0009dbff : System RAM
0009dc00-0009ffff : reserved
000c0000-000c7fff : Video ROM
...
and kmem -R displays /proc/ioport
crash> kmem -R
0000-001f : dma1
0020-0021 : pic1
0040-0043 : timer0
0050-0053 : timer1
...
Looking into old version of kernel source code back, resource structure
has been unchanged since linux-2.4.0. I borrowed the way of walking on
resouce tree in this patch from the lastest v3.3-rc series, but I
guess the logic is also applicable to old kernels. I expect Dave's
regression testsuite.
Also, there would be another command more sutable for iomem/ioport.
If necessay, I'll repost the patch.
---
HATAYAMA Daisuke (4):
Add vmcore snapshot support
Add kmem -r and -R options
Add dump iomem/ioport functions; a helper for resource objects
Add a helper function for iterating resource objects
defs.h | 9 ++++
extensions/snap.c | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++-
help.c | 2 +
memory.c | 122 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
4 files changed, 180 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
--
Thanks.
HATAYAMA Daisuke
1 year, 1 month
Re: [Crash-utility] question about phys_base
by Dave Anderson
----- Original Message -----
> >
> > OK, so then I don't understand what you mean by "may be the same"?
> >
> > You didn't answer my original question, but if I understand you correctly,
> > it would be impossible for the qemu host to create a PT_LOAD segment that
> > describes an x86_64 guest's __START_KERNEL_map region, because the host
> > doesn't know that what kind of kernel the guest is running.
>
> Yes. Even if the guest is linux, it is still impossible to do it. Because
> the guest maybe in the second kernel.
>
> qemu-dump walks all guest's page table and collect virtual address and
> physical address mapping. If the page is not used by guest, the virtual is set
> to 0. I create PT_LOAD according to such mapping. So if the guest is linux,
> there may be a PT_LOAD segment that describes __START_KERNEL_map region.
> But the information stored in PT_LOAD maybe for the second kernel. If crash
> uses it, crash will see the second kernel, not the first kernel.
Just to be clear -- what do you mean by the "second" kernel? Do you
mean that a guest kernel crashed guest, and did a kdump operation,
and that second kdump kernel failed somehow, and now you're trying
to do a "virsh dump" on the kdump kernel?
Dave
1 year, 1 month
question about phys_base
by Wen Congyang
Hi, Dave
I am implementing a new dump command in the qemu. The vmcore's
format is elf(like kdump). And I try to provide phys_base in
the PT_LOAD. But if the os uses the first vcpu do kdump, the
value of phys_base is wrong.
I find a function x86_64_virt_phys_base() in crash's code.
Is it OK to call this function first? If the function
successes, we do not calculate phys_base according to PT_LOAD.
Thanks
Wen Congyang
1 year, 1 month
[PATCH] runq: search current task's runqueue explicitly
by HATAYAMA Daisuke
Currently, runq sub-command doesn't consider CFS runqueue's current
task removed from CFS runqueue. Due to this, the remaining CFS
runqueus that follow the current task's is not displayed. This patch
fixes this by making runq sub-command search current task's runqueue
explicitly.
Note that CFS runqueue exists for each task group, and so does CFS
runqueue's current task, and the above search needs to be done
recursively.
Test
====
On vmcore I made 7 task groups:
root group --- A --- AA --- AAA
+ +- AAB
|
+- AB --- ABA
+- ABB
and then I ran three CPU bound tasks, which is exactly the same as
int main(void) { for (;;) continue; return 0; }
for each task group, including root group; so total 24 tasks. For
readability, I annotated each task name with its belonging group name.
For example, loop.ABA belongs to task group ABA.
Look at CPU0 collumn below. [before] lacks 8 tasks and [after]
successfully shows all tasks on the runqueue, which is identical to
the result of [sched debug] that is expected to ouput correct result.
I'll send this vmcore later.
[before]
crash> runq | cat
CPU 0 RUNQUEUE: ffff88000a215f80
CURRENT: PID: 28263 TASK: ffff880037aaa040 COMMAND: "loop.ABA"
RT PRIO_ARRAY: ffff88000a216098
[no tasks queued]
CFS RB_ROOT: ffff88000a216010
[120] PID: 28262 TASK: ffff880037cc40c0 COMMAND: "loop.ABA"
<cut>
[after]
crash_fix> runq
CPU 0 RUNQUEUE: ffff88000a215f80
CURRENT: PID: 28263 TASK: ffff880037aaa040 COMMAND: "loop.ABA"
RT PRIO_ARRAY: ffff88000a216098
[no tasks queued]
CFS RB_ROOT: ffff88000a216010
[120] PID: 28262 TASK: ffff880037cc40c0 COMMAND: "loop.ABA"
[120] PID: 28271 TASK: ffff8800787a8b40 COMMAND: "loop.ABB"
[120] PID: 28272 TASK: ffff880037afd580 COMMAND: "loop.ABB"
[120] PID: 28245 TASK: ffff8800785e8b00 COMMAND: "loop.AB"
[120] PID: 28246 TASK: ffff880078628ac0 COMMAND: "loop.AB"
[120] PID: 28241 TASK: ffff880078616b40 COMMAND: "loop.AA"
[120] PID: 28239 TASK: ffff8800785774c0 COMMAND: "loop.AA"
[120] PID: 28240 TASK: ffff880078617580 COMMAND: "loop.AA"
[120] PID: 28232 TASK: ffff880079b5d4c0 COMMAND: "loop.A"
<cut>
[sched debug]
crash> runq -d
CPU 0
[120] PID: 28232 TASK: ffff880079b5d4c0 COMMAND: "loop.A"
[120] PID: 28239 TASK: ffff8800785774c0 COMMAND: "loop.AA"
[120] PID: 28240 TASK: ffff880078617580 COMMAND: "loop.AA"
[120] PID: 28241 TASK: ffff880078616b40 COMMAND: "loop.AA"
[120] PID: 28245 TASK: ffff8800785e8b00 COMMAND: "loop.AB"
[120] PID: 28246 TASK: ffff880078628ac0 COMMAND: "loop.AB"
[120] PID: 28262 TASK: ffff880037cc40c0 COMMAND: "loop.ABA"
[120] PID: 28263 TASK: ffff880037aaa040 COMMAND: "loop.ABA"
[120] PID: 28271 TASK: ffff8800787a8b40 COMMAND: "loop.ABB"
[120] PID: 28272 TASK: ffff880037afd580 COMMAND: "loop.ABB"
<cut>
Diff stat
=========
defs.h | 1 +
task.c | 37 +++++++++++++++++--------------------
2 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
Thanks.
HATAYAMA, Daisuke
1 year, 1 month
[RFC] makedumpfile, crash: LZO compression support
by HATAYAMA Daisuke
Hello,
This is a RFC patch set that adds LZO compression support to
makedumpfile and crash utility. LZO is as good as in size but by far
better in speed than ZLIB, leading to reducing down time during
generation of crash dump and refiltering.
How to build:
1. Get LZO library, which is provided as lzo-devel package on recent
linux distributions, and is also available on author's website:
http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/.
2. Apply the patch set to makedumpfile v1.4.0 and crash v6.0.0.
3. Build both using make. But for crash, do the following now:
$ make CFLAGS="-llzo2"
How to use:
I've newly used -l option for lzo compression in this patch. So for
example, do as follows:
$ makedumpfile -l vmcore dumpfile
$ crash vmlinux dumpfile
Request of configure-like feature for crash utility:
I would like configure-like feature on crash utility for users to
select wheather to add LZO feature actually or not in build-time,
that is: ./configure --enable-lzo or ./configure --disable-lzo.
The reason is that support staff often downloads and installs the
latest version of crash utility on machines where lzo library is not
provided.
Looking at the source code, it looks to me that crash does some kind
of configuration processing in a local manner, around configure.c,
and I guess it's difficult to use autoconf tools directly.
Or is there another better way?
Performance Comparison:
Sample Data
Ideally, I must have measured the performance for many enough
vmcores generated from machines that was actually running, but now
I don't have enough sample vmcores, I couldn't do so. So this
comparison doesn't answer question on I/O time improvement. This
is TODO for now.
Instead, I choosed worst and best cases regarding compression
ratio and speed only. Specifically, the former is /dev/urandom and
the latter is /dev/zero.
I get the sample data of 10MB, 100MB and 1GB by doing like this:
$ dd bs=4096 count=$((1024*1024*1024/4096)) if=/dev/urandom of=urandom.1GB
How to measure
Then I performed compression for each block, 4096 bytes, and
measured total compression time and output size. See attached
mycompress.c.
Result
See attached file result.txt.
Discussion
For both kinds of data, lzo's compression was considerably quicker
than zlib's. Compression ratio is about 37% for urandom data, and
about 8.5% for zero data. Actual situation of physical memory
would be in between the two cases, and so I guess average
compression time ratio is between 37% and 8.5%.
Although beyond the topic of this patch set, we can estimate worst
compression time on more data size since compression is performed
block size wise and the compression time increases
linearly. Estimated worst time on 2TB memory is about 15 hours for
lzo and about 40 hours for zlib. In this case, compressed data
size is larger than the original, so they are really not used,
compression time is fully meaningless. I think compression must be
done in parallel, and I'll post such patch later.
Diffstat
* makedumpfile
diskdump_mod.h | 3 +-
makedumpfile.c | 98 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
makedumpfile.h | 12 +++++++
3 files changed, 101 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)
* crash
defs.h | 1 +
diskdump.c | 20 +++++++++++++++++++-
diskdump.h | 3 ++-
3 files changed, 22 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
TODO
* evaluation including I/O time using actual vmcores
Thanks.
HATAYAMA, Daisuke
1 year, 1 month
Re: [Crash-utility] [RFI] Support Fujitsu's sadump dump format
by tachibana＠mxm.nes.nec.co.jp
Hi Hatayama-san,
On 2011/06/29 12:12:18 +0900, HATAYAMA Daisuke <d.hatayama(a)jp.fujitsu.com> wrote:
> From: Dave Anderson <anderson(a)redhat.com>
> Subject: Re: [Crash-utility] [RFI] Support Fujitsu's sadump dump format
> Date: Tue, 28 Jun 2011 08:57:42 -0400 (EDT)
>
> >
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> >> Fujitsu has stand-alone dump mechanism based on firmware level
> >> functionality, which we call SADUMP, in short.
> >>
> >> We've maintained utility tools internally but now we're thinking that
> >> the best is crash utility and makedumpfile supports the sadump format
> >> for the viewpoint of both portability and maintainability.
> >>
> >> We'll be of course responsible for its maintainance in a continuous
> >> manner. The sadump dump format is very similar to diskdump format and
> >> so kdump (compressed) format, so we estimate patch set would be a
> >> relatively small size.
> >>
> >> Could you tell me whether crash utility and makedumpfile can support
> >> the sadump format? If OK, we'll start to make patchset.
I think it's not bad to support sadump by makedumpfile. However I have
several questions.
- Do you want to use makedumpfile to make an existing file that sadump has
dumped small?
- It isn't possible to support the same form as kdump-compressed format
now, is it?
- When the information that makedumpfile reads from a note of /proc/vmcore
(or a header of kdump-compressed format) is added by an extension of
makedumpfile, do you need to modify sadump?
Thanks
tachibana
> >
> > Sure, yes, the crash utility can always support another dumpfile format.
> >
>
> Thanks. It helps a lot.
>
> > It's unclear to me how similar SADUMP is to diskdump/compressed-kdump.
> > Does your internal version patch diskdump.c, or do you maintain your
> > own "sadump.c"? I ask because if your patchset is at all intrusive,
> > I'd prefer it be kept in its own file, primarily for maintainability,
> > but also because SADUMP is essentially a black-box to anybody outside
> > Fujitsu.
>
> What I meant when I used ``similar'' is both literally and
> logically. The format consists of diskdump header-like header, two
> kinds of bitmaps used for the same purpose as those in diskump format,
> and memory data. They can be handled in common with the existing data
> structure, diskdump_data, non-intrusively, so I hope they are placed
> in diskdump.c.
>
> On the other hand, there's a code to be placed at such specific
> area. sadump is triggered depending on kdump's progress and so
> register values to be contained in vmcore varies according to the
> progress: If crash_notes has been initialized when sadump is
> triggered, sadump packs the register values in crash_notes; if not
> yet, packs registers gathered by firmware. This is sadump specific
> processing, so I think putting it in specific sadump.c file is a
> natural and reasonable choise.
>
> Anyway, I have not made any patch set for this. I'll post a patch set
> when I complete.
>
> Again, thanks a lot for the positive answer.
>
> Thanks.
> HATAYAMA, Daisuke
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> kexec mailing list
> kexec(a)lists.infradead.org
> http://lists.infradead.org/mailman/listinfo/kexec
1 year, 1 month
crash: vz extension for OpenVZ kernels
by Vasily Averin
Dear Dave,
I've prepared vz crash extension with commands
useful for troubleshooting of OpenVZ kernel crashes.
Could you please review the patch and advise how it's better
to distribute this extension.
vz extension uses openVZ-specific kernel structures
and works on OpenVZ kernels only.
It implements vzlist, vzps and ctid commands:
vzlist -- shows list of OpenVZ containers,
contains Container ID, references to ve_struct
and parent task inside container.
crash> vzlist
CTID VE_STRUCT TASK PID COMM
121 ffff8801491e7000 ffff8801493d0ff0 95990 init
123 ffff880135a37000 ffff8803fb0a3470 95924 init
321 ffff88045a778000 ffff880400616300 95923 init
700 ffff88019ddae000 ffff88019ddd4fb0 95882 init
503 ffff88045a84e800 ffff8803c3c782c0 95902 init
122 ffff8804004ea000 ffff88045612afb0 95886 init
600 ffff88016e467000 ffff880459d653f0 95885 init
0 ffffffff81aaa220 ffff88045e530b30 1 init
vzps -- shows list of processes inside of specified container
crash> vzps -E 121
CTID PID TASK COMM
121 95990 ffff8801493d0ff0 init
121 95996 ffff8803c3e3b0f0 kthreadd/121
121 95997 ffff8803cd3aacb0 khelper/121
121 97267 ffff880405e4b2f0 udevd
121 99341 ffff8803c3fd2440 syslogd
121 99404 ffff880405e0c2c0 klogd
121 99424 ffff8803fb0f68c0 sshd
121 99445 ffff8801493d0500 xinetd
121 99557 ffff8804599f9230 sendmail
121 99568 ffff8804591b00c0 sendmail
121 99583 ffff880203e56f30 httpd
121 99594 ffff88016e4e01c0 crond
121 99614 ffff8803fb26cf70 xfs
121 99624 ffff88045a6ce2c0 saslauthd
121 99625 ffff8801ce134ff0 saslauthd
121 248691 ffff88040e2ee9c0 httpd
ctid -- shows ContainerID for given task
crash> ctid 99614
CTID PID TASK COMM
121 99614 ffff8803fb26cf70 xfs
Thank you,
Vasily Averin
8 years, 9 months
makedumpfile: 4.5 kernel commit breaks page filtering
by Dave Anderson
Hello Atsushi,
I've recently had a couple 4.5-era vmcores issues reported to me as crash bugs
because they generate numerous initialization-time errors of the type:
crash: page excluded: kernel virtual address: ffff880075459000 type: "fill_task_struct"
Initially I thought it was related to this crash-7.1.4 fix that you posted:
Fix for the handling of dynamically-sized task_struct structures in
Linux 4.2 and later kernels, which contain these commits:
commit 5aaeb5c01c5b6c0be7b7aadbf3ace9f3a4458c3d
x86/fpu, sched: Introduce CONFIG_ARCH_WANTS_DYNAMIC_TASK_STRUCT and
use it on x86
commit 0c8c0f03e3a292e031596484275c14cf39c0ab7a
x86/fpu, sched: Dynamically allocate 'struct fpu'
Without the patch, when running on a filtered kdump dumpfile, it is
possible that error messages like this will be seen when gathering
the tasks running on a system: "crash: page excluded: kernel virtual
address: <task_struct address> type: "fill_task_struct".
(ats-kumagai(a)wm.jp.nec.com)
But upon further investigation of a suspect vmcore, there are many other
"page excluded" errors for several other data structure types. Joe Lawrence
of Stratus did some kernel-bisecting, and narrowed it down to this recent
4.5 commit:
commit 1c290f642101e64f379e38ea0361d097c08e824d
Author: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov(a)linux.intel.com>
Date: Fri Jan 15 16:52:07 2016 -0800
mm: sanitize page->mapping for tail pages
We don't define meaning of page->mapping for tail pages. Currently it's
always NULL, which can be inconsistent with head page and potentially
lead to problems.
Let's poison the pointer to catch all illigal uses.
page_rmapping(), page_mapping() and page_anon_vma() are changed to look
on head page.
The only illegal use I've caught so far is __GPF_COMP pages from sound
subsystem, mapped with PTEs. do_shared_fault() is changed to use
page_rmapping() instead of direct access to fault_page->mapping.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov(a)linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd(a)google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen(a)intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman(a)suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka(a)suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl(a)linux.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi(a)ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper(a)linaro.org>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar(a)linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes(a)cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko(a)suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan(a)redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds(a)linux-foundation.org>
And related to the above, and the one that affects makedumpfile, is this one:
commit 822cdd1152265d87fcfc974e06c3b68f762987fd
Author: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov(a)linux.intel.com>
Date: Fri Jan 15 16:52:03 2016 -0800
page-flags: look at head page if the flag is encoded in page->mapping
PageAnon() and PageKsm() look at lower bits of page->mapping to check if
the page is Anon or KSM. page->mapping can be overloaded in tail pages.
Let's always look at head page to avoid false-positives.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov(a)linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd(a)google.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen(a)intel.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman(a)suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka(a)suse.cz>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl(a)linux.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi(a)ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper(a)linaro.org>
Cc: "Aneesh Kumar K.V" <aneesh.kumar(a)linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes(a)cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko(a)suse.cz>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan(a)redhat.com>
Cc: Jérôme Glisse <jglisse(a)redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm(a)linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds(a)linux-foundation.org>
diff --git a/include/linux/page-flags.h b/include/linux/page-flags.h
index 818fa39..190f191 100644
--- a/include/linux/page-flags.h
+++ b/include/linux/page-flags.h
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ static inline int PageCompound(struct page *page)
#define PF_NO_TAIL(page, enforce) ({ \
VM_BUG_ON_PGFLAGS(enforce && PageTail(page), page); \
compound_head(page);})
-#define PF_NO_COMPOUND(page, enforce) ({ \
+#define PF_NO_COMPOUND(page, enforce) ({ \
VM_BUG_ON_PGFLAGS(enforce && PageCompound(page), page); \
page;})
@@ -381,6 +381,7 @@ PAGEFLAG(Idle, idle, PF_ANY)
static inline int PageAnon(struct page *page)
{
+ page = compound_head(page);
return ((unsigned long)page->mapping & PAGE_MAPPING_ANON) != 0;
}
@@ -393,6 +394,7 @@ static inline int PageAnon(struct page *page)
*/
static inline int PageKsm(struct page *page)
{
+ page = compound_head(page);
return ((unsigned long)page->mapping & PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS) ==
(PAGE_MAPPING_ANON | PAGE_MAPPING_KSM);
}
Note that PAGE_MAPPING_ANON is now only set in the compound_head page,
so when makedumpfile walks though the pages, it will have to look
at each page's head page for the bit setting.
As it is now, makedumpfile runs amok filtering pages that still have
stuff left in page->mapping. For example, all of the addresses in
my "filtered.list" input file are those of legitimate kernel data
structures that have been incorrectly filtered because PAGE_MAPPING_ANON
(bit 1) has been left set:
crash> kmem -p < filtered.list
PAGE PHYSICAL MAPPING INDEX CNT FLAGS
ffffea0011b29040 46ca41000 dead0000ffffffff 0 0 3ffff800000000
PAGE PHYSICAL MAPPING INDEX CNT FLAGS
ffffea0011b29040 46ca41000 dead0000ffffffff 0 0 3ffff800000000
PAGE PHYSICAL MAPPING INDEX CNT FLAGS
ffffea0011b29640 46ca59000 dead0000ffffffff 0 0 3ffff800000000
PAGE PHYSICAL MAPPING INDEX CNT FLAGS
ffffea0011b29640 46ca59000 dead0000ffffffff 0 0 3ffff800000000
PAGE PHYSICAL MAPPING INDEX CNT FLAGS
ffffea0001d51640 75459000 dead0000ffffffff 0 0 1ffff800000000
...
In earlier kernels, the page->mapping fields above would not have
their PAGE_MAPPING_ANON set.
Dave
8 years, 10 months
